Shoulder Pathology

Sprengel Deformity

• Congenital elevation of the scapula

• Key associations - Klippel-Feil, omnovertebral bar

AC Joint Dislocation

• Widening of AC joint > 6mm

• CC = coracoclavicular

• Type 1 - AC ligament sprain, CC ligaments normal (normal imaging, maybe swelling)

• Type 2 - AC ligaments completely disrupted, CC ligament sprained

• Type 3 - AC & CC ligaments completely disrupted + superior displacement of clavicle

• Type 4 - AC & CC ligaments completely disrupted + posterior displacement of clavicle into trapezius

• Type 5 - Type 3 + severe displacement of clavicle

• Type 6 - Inferior displacement of clavicle

Shoulder Arthroplasty

• Most common cause of TSA hardware failure is aseptic loosening of the hardware in the glenoid

• Hemi-arthroplasty - replace only humeral component

• Total shoulder - replace both humeral and glenoid parts

• Reverse total shoulder - total shoulder but ball and socket is reversed

  • Used for rotator cuff injury that cannot be repaired

Bennett Lesion

• Mineralization of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament

• Basically just looks like vague calcifications along the posterior aspect of the humeral head

• Seen in people who repeatedly throw overhead (pitchers)

• Associated with other posterior shit

  • Posterior labral tears

  • Posterior subluxation of humeral head

  • Posterior rotator cuff tears

References:

• Case courtesy of Paul Simkin, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 25311 (sprengel)